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Many hardware stores and home center outlets carry an item called the "Protect-A-Plug" outlet cover.  the outlet cover consists of a backing plate that mounts on the existing outlet or electrical box, two inserts for a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) and duplex receptacle, a gasket and a clear plastic cover.  After plugging in the power cord, simply close the outlet cover to keep moisture from penetrating the electrical connection because the outlet cover and gasket completely enclose the gasket and receptacle.

What are the advantages of low voltage outdoor lighting?

The major advantages of low voltage lighting systems are economy, safety, security and ease of installation.  Because the low voltage lights use low wattage lamps, they are very economical to operate.  A typical six-light set uses less electricity than a single 75-watt bulb.  The systems are easier to install than conventional 120-volt systems, and are safer than 120-volt lights.  For instance, if you touch the bare wires or cut a buried cable with a garden tool, you will not get a shock.

What are the disadvantages of low voltage lights?

Two disadvantages are the limited range of the lights (about 200 feet from the transformer) and their somewhat limited light output.

Is there a way to install the lights so that they cannot be pushed over by kids or pets?

Usually, reinforcement is not necessary.  However, to reinforce the lights, a section of fence post or pipe can be driven into the ground and covered with the riser stem.

How close can I install low voltage lighting fixtures to my swimming pool?

For maximum safety, the lights and cable must be as least five feet from the edge of the pool.

Can I submerge the lamps in my pool, fountain or pond?

While some low voltage lights are designed for this use, most models should not be used in water. 

Why do low voltage lighting systems require a transformer?

You must have a transformer to reduce the 120-volt home current to a safe 12 volts.  Do not attempt to hook up a line of 12-volt lamps directly to an ordinary home outlet without using a 12-volt transformer.

What is Voltage Drop?

Voltage drop is caused by the electrical resistance of the cable, which restricts the flow of electricity.  The smaller the cable size and more lights used, the lower the light output will be along the cable.  When voltage drop occurs, you may experience insufficient light output, particularly with the lights farthest away from the transformer.  Voltage drop can be minimized by switching to a heavier gauge of cable, a more powerful transformer or both.

Should transformers be used to their full capacity?

Yes.  As the load decreases, the output voltage of the transformer increases.  Therefore, the life of low voltage lamps will be shortened unless the transformer is carrying close to its rated capacity.  The rule of thumb is to use at least half the transformer's VA or TNW rating.

Can power packs be installed indoors?

Some power packs can be installed indoors.  Please check with the manufacturer's installation instructions before installing.

My lights seem too dim, even though I'm well within the limits for cable gauge, number of lamps and transformer power.  What should I do?

To boost light output, you have three options: 
1) reduce the resistance of the cable (change from 16-gauge to 14-gauge, etc.),
2) use a more powerful transformer, or
3) all of the above.

Can you mix different wattage fixtures on the same cable run and transformer (e.g., 20-watt floodlights with 11-watt entrance light fixtures)?

Yes.  To mix different wattage fixtures, add up the total wattage of the lamps.  As long as their total wattage does not exceed the output of the transformer, you can mix and match the lights.

What do I do with the bare wire at the end of the cable?

If cable is left over once you've installed all of you lights, you can cut it or coil it up and bury it for later expansion.  Either way, the cable is harmless and there is no threat of electric shock.  If there is any possibility that the end of the cable will touch metal, seal it with a piece of electrical tape to avoid shorting out the system.

When should you solder connections?

When connecting lights to low voltage cable, solderless, stripless connectors (either fast-lock connectors or tee connectors) are the preferred method to use.  However, when the total load on the cable exceeds 12 amps  (approximately 15 fixtures), you will need to solder the connection.  If you don't, the connection eventually may break down due to electrolysis.

In the instructions that came with my low voltage light, something was mentioned about frost heaving.  What is frost heaving?

During the winter, as the ground becomes frozen, it can shift.  To avoid constantly readjusting your fixtures, use gravel to fill the home you dig for the fixtures.  the gravel will compensate as the ground shifts.

Are low voltage lights safe around children and pets?

Yes, low voltage lights are safe.  Since they operate on 12-volt electrical current, as compared to conventional 120-volt systems, there is no fear of shock.  In fact, manufacturers recommend that the systems be installed with the power pack turned on so that the lights can be tested as they're connected.

How bright are low voltage lights?

A typical low voltage lamp delivers between 15 and 30 foot-candles of light.  This level of illumination is about 18% to 25% as bright as a 75-watt lamp, which makes it ideal for gardens and other outdoor areas where subtle illumination is desired.  Whether you'll perceive it as too bright or not bright enough is really a matter of personal preference.

Can you connect a transformer to an electrical outlet with an extension cord?

It is not recommended, but transformers can be used with a UL-listed grounded outdoor extension cord.  The preferred practice, however, is to mount a transformer next to an indoor or outdoor grounded AC outlet.